We prospectively examined all consented children (159) at 2 institutions in the United States to determine their ocular status and the etiology of any visual loss present. institution performed by Naphthoquine phosphate the author. Patients at Location M with chorioretinal scars consistent with intrauterine contamination (a possible sign of LCMV) had separate consents for blood drawing. Sera was obtained and sent for standard TORCHS titers, toxoplasmosis titers (Jack S. Remington, MD, Palo Alto, Calif), and ELISA testing for LCMV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga). RESULTS: The diagnoses at Location V were varied and included retinopathy of prematurity (19.4%), optic Naphthoquine phosphate atrophy (19.4%), retinitis pigmentosa (14.5%), optic nerve hypoplasia (12.9%), cataracts (8.1%), foveal hypoplasia (8.1%), persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (4.8%), and microphthalmos (3.2%). The most common diagnosis at Location M was bilateral optic atrophy, which was found in 65% of the patients examined who had visual loss. Of these, the insults were most often congenital (42.6%), with birth trauma, prematurity, and genetics each responsible for about 15% of the optic atrophy. The second most common diagnosis was cortical visual impairment (24%), followed by chorioretinal scars (5%), which are strongly suggestive of intrauterine infection. Of 95 patients examined at Location M, 4 had chorioretinal scars. Two of these had dramatically elevated titers for LCMV, as did one of their mothers. One of the other 2 children died before serum could be drawn, and the fourth had negative titers for both TORCHS and LCMV. CONCLUSIONS: At both locations studied, visual loss was most often due to congenital insults, whether genetic or simply prenatal. The visual loss at Location V was twice as likely as that at Location M to be caused by a genetic disorder. The genetic disorders at Location V Naphthoquine phosphate were more often isolated eye diseases, while those among the severely retarded at Location M were more generalized genetic disorders. Our study identified optic atrophy as a common diagnosis among the severely mentally retarded with vision loss, a finding that is supported by previous studies LRCH2 antibody in other countries. In our population of severely retarded children, the target etiology of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was responsible for half the visual loss secondary to chorioretinitis from intrauterine infection. This is more common than would be predicted by the few cases previously described in the literature, and strongly suggests that LCMV may be a more common cause of visual loss than previously appreciated. We believe that serology for LCMV should be part of the workup for congenital chorioretinitis, especially if the TORCHS titers are negative, and that perhaps the mnemonic should be revised to “TORCHS + L.” Childhood blindness and visual impairment are tragic and co Full text Naphthoquine phosphate Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (3.4M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References. ? 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 ? Images in this article FIGURE 5 br / on p.687 FIGURE 6 br / on p.688 Click on the image to see a larger version. Selected.